Benign Breast DiseaseBy JACOB of Jobslover.com
Description
Common benign changes fall into several broad categories. These include generalized
breast changes, solitary lumps, nipple discharge, and infection or inflammation. From the time
a girl begins to menstruate, her breasts undergo regular changes each month. Many doctors
believe that nearly all breasts develop some lasting changes, beginning when the woman is about
30 years old. Eventually, about half of all women will experience symptoms such as lumps, pain,
or nipple discharge.
Fibrocystic changes
These are fluid filled sacs. Fibrocystic changes are the most common benign condition.
They are found in at least one out of three women during examinations. They occur most
often in women 20 to 50 years of age, and cysts often enlarge and become tender and painful
just before a woman"s menstrual period. Fibrocystics changes are an exaggerated response to the
cyclic levels of ovarian hormones. Cysts are usually found in both breasts. Some cysts are so
small they cannot be felt; rarely, they may be several inches in diameter. Cysts show up
clearly on ultrasound, an examination that uses sound waves to produce a picture of tissues
inside the breast. Management of cysts usually consists of observation or fine-needle
aspiration, a procedure whereby fluid is withdrawn via a needle.
Fibroadenomas
These are benign tumors of the tissues. Usually, these solid, round lumps are painless
and most often found by women themselves. Fibroadenomas feel rubbery and can be moved around
easily. They are the most common type of tumors in adolescents and women in their twenties, and
they occur twice as often in African-American women as they do in other American women. Although
fibroadenomas do not become malignant, they can enlarge with pregnancy and breast-feeding.
Fibroadenomas have a typically benign appearance on mammography (breast x-rays), and they can
sometimes be diagnosed with fine-needle aspiration. Most surgeons believe that it is a good
idea to remove fibroadenomas to make certain they are benign.
Fat necrosis
This is a firm, tender, indurated, ill-defined mass formed by damaged and disintegrating fatty
tissues. This condition typically occurs in obese women with very large breasts. It often
develops in response to a bruise or blow to the breast, even though the woman may not remember
the specific injury. Fat necrosis can easily be mistaken for cancer, so such lumps are removed
during a surgical biopsy.
Sclerosing adenosis
This condition involves the excessive growth of tissues in the breast"s lobules. It frequently
causes pain. Usually the changes are microscopic. However, adenosis can produce lumps,
and it can show up on mammography, often as calcifications, small deposits of calcium in tissue.
Because adenosis is often difficult to distinguish from cancer, doctors usually perform a
surgical biopsy to diagnose and treat this condition.
Intraductal papilloma
Intraductal papilloma is a small growth that projects into ducts near the nipple. The
predominant symptom is spontaneous, bloody discharge from one nipple, although the discharge
can be any color. Mammography is indicated in any patient with an intraductal papilloma,
regardless of age. If the discharge becomes bothersome, the diseased duct can be removed
surgically without damaging the appearance of the breast. If multiple ducts are involved, a
diagnosis of carcinoma is more likely.
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